Python Keywords Table
Python 有一組保留字（又叫「關鍵字」，Reserved Words / Keywords），它們是 Python 直譯器為了辨識語法而預先「掛牌」的詞彙。簡單講就是：這些字是 Python 內建的 VIP，你不能拿它們當變數名，否則直譯器會翻桌給你看。
例如你如果興沖沖地寫：
python
if = 3 # ❌ 這會炸Python 會立刻回你這個錯誤訊息：
File "<stdin>", line 1
if = 3
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntaxWARNING
避雷提示：只要你拿底下 39 個字中的任何一個當變數名，都會得到 SyntaxError。如果 VS Code / Google Colab 幫你把某個字自動上色（紫色或藍色粗體），那就是保留字了，別碰。
截至本章為止（1-1 ～ 1-4），你其實只學到 8 個關鍵字：True、False、and、or、not、if、elif、else。剩下的 27 個硬關鍵字和 4 個軟關鍵字會在接下來的章節陸續登場；下面的表格會告訴你每個字「什麼時候會遇到」，方便你自我檢查學習進度。
TIP
硬 vs 軟關鍵字：Python 把關鍵字分成兩種：
- 硬關鍵字（Hard Keywords）：永遠不能當變數名，共 35 個。
- 軟關鍵字（Soft Keywords）：只在特定語境（例如
match/case語句裡）才算關鍵字，其他場合可以當變數名使用，共 4 個。
高中 APCS 考試不會考你「背出全部 39 個」，但認得它們、知道「這是 Python 的內建語法詞」就夠了。「首次登場章節」欄位標示 1-3 ✅ 代表你已經在本章學過；標示 2-1、3-1 等代表會在未來章節登場；標示 — 代表本課綱四個模組內不會正式教，通常是進階主題或 APCS 不常考的語法。
硬關鍵字（Hard Keywords）
常數值
| 關鍵字 | 中文簡述 | 首次登場章節 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
False | 布林假值（邏輯 0） | 1-3 ✅ | is_raining = False |
None | 「什麼都沒有」的特殊值 | — | result = None |
True | 布林真值（邏輯 1） | 1-3 ✅ | is_student = True |
邏輯運算
| 關鍵字 | 中文簡述 | 首次登場章節 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
and | 邏輯「且」，兩邊都真才真 | 1-3 ✅ | age >= 18 and has_id |
not | 邏輯「否」，把真假顛倒 | 1-3 ✅ | not is_raining |
or | 邏輯「或」，任一邊為真即真 | 1-3 ✅ | is_weekend or is_holiday |
條件判斷
| 關鍵字 | 中文簡述 | 首次登場章節 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
if | 「如果」：條件成立就執行 | 1-3 ✅ | if score >= 60: |
elif | 「否則如果」：再試下一個條件 | 1-3 ✅ | elif score >= 40: |
else | 「否則」：以上都不成立時執行 | 1-3 ✅ | else: |
迴圈控制
| 關鍵字 | 中文簡述 | 首次登場章節 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
for | 固定次數或逐一取元素的迴圈 | 2-1 | for i in range(10): |
while | 條件成立就一直重複的迴圈 | 2-1 | while n > 0: |
break | 立刻跳出目前的迴圈 | 2-1 | if found: break |
continue | 跳過這一圈剩下的部分，直接進入下一圈 | 2-1 | if n % 2 == 0: continue |
函式與類別
| 關鍵字 | 中文簡述 | 首次登場章節 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
def | 定義一個函式 | 3-1 | def add(a, b): |
return | 從函式把結果交回呼叫者 | 3-1 | return a + b |
lambda | 一行寫完的匿名函式 | 4-1 | key=lambda x: x[1] |
class | 定義一個類別（物件模版） | — | class Dog: |
例外處理
| 關鍵字 | 中文簡述 | 首次登場章節 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
try | 嘗試執行可能會出錯的程式區塊 | 3-3 | try: |
except | 攔截 try 區塊裡的錯誤並處理 | 3-3 | except ValueError: |
finally | 不論成功或失敗都會執行的收尾區塊 | — | finally: file.close() |
raise | 主動丟出一個錯誤 | — | raise ValueError("bad") |
assert | 斷言條件為真，否則直接丟出錯誤 | — | assert n > 0 |
匯入
| 關鍵字 | 中文簡述 | 首次登場章節 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
import | 匯入整個模組 | 4-2 | import math |
from | 從模組挑特定東西來匯入 | 4-2 | from math import gcd |
as | 給匯入的東西（或變數）取別名 | 4-2 | import numpy as np |
範圍與作用域
| 關鍵字 | 中文簡述 | 首次登場章節 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
global | 宣告變數來自全域範圍 | — | global counter |
nonlocal | 宣告變數來自外層（非全域）函式 | — | nonlocal total |
非同步
| 關鍵字 | 中文簡述 | 首次登場章節 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
async | 宣告一個非同步（協程）函式 | — | async def fetch(): |
await | 等待一個非同步結果 | — | data = await fetch() |
其他
| 關鍵字 | 中文簡述 | 首次登場章節 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
in | 成員判斷，也是 for 迴圈的搭配詞 | 2-1 | for x in items: |
is | 身份比較（是否為同一個物件） | — | x is None |
del | 刪除變數或容器中的元素 | — | del my_list[0] |
pass | 什麼都不做的佔位符 | — | def todo(): pass |
with | 自動管理資源開關的區塊 | — | with open(f) as x: |
yield | 產生器函式產出一個值 | — | yield n |
軟關鍵字（Soft Keywords）
軟關鍵字是 Python 的彈性設計：它們只在特定語境才算關鍵字，其他場合可以當變數名使用（但為了可讀性，不建議這麼做）。
| 關鍵字 | 中文簡述 | 首次登場章節 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
match | 模式匹配（Python 3.10+ 的 Switch Case） | 4-1 | match shape: |
case | 搭配 match 的單一分支 | 4-1 | case "circle": |
_ | 通配符（Wildcard），匹配任何東西 | — | case _: |
type | 定義型別別名（Python 3.12+） | — | type Vector = list[float] |
TIP
學習建議：高中課綱和 APCS 檢定不會考你「寫出所有 39 個 Python 關鍵字」，所以不要硬背。你只要記住一件事：「這些字是 Python 內建的 VIP，不要拿它們當自己的變數名」。等到遇到哪個字再回來查表就好，表格會陪你一整個學期 (＾◡＾)。
另外，現在的 IDE（VS Code、Google Colab 等）都會自動把關鍵字上色標記，所以萬一你不小心打錯把關鍵字當變數名用，編輯器通常會在第一時間提醒你。
Image Specification Appendix
1-1
圖 1
- 類型：四格漫畫（Hook）
- 意圖：以學生對電腦大喊卻得到 0101 回應的反差，吸引讀者進入「人機溝通」主題
- 完整 Prompt：American stick figure comic strip, clean black ink on white background, minimalist line art, 4-panel horizontal layout, numbered panels 1-4, expressive stick figures with simple dot eyes and line mouths, humorous tone, dialogue-driven narrative with speech bubbles only and no narration boxes, speech bubble text in Traditional Chinese Taiwan usage with technical terms in English, consistent character design across all panels, panel 1: a student stick figure sitting at desk facing a computer monitor with a confident expression and speech bubble saying 我要學 Python, panel 2: student typing furiously on keyboard with speech bubble saying 幫我寫作業, panel 3: computer monitor displaying confused binary 01010011 with a question mark speech bubble saying 啥？, panel 4: student slumping in chair with defeated expression and computer showing speech bubble saying 請說我聽得懂的話 with a smug expression on the monitor face
- 備註：四格分鏡需有明確敘事弧線，電腦螢幕要有擬人化的簡單臉部表情
圖 2
- 類型：四格漫畫（Explanation）
- 意圖：用擬人化角色說明 IPO 流程，讓學生直覺理解 Input → Process → Output 的概念
- 完整 Prompt：American stick figure comic strip, clean black ink on white background, minimalist line art, 4-panel horizontal layout, numbered panels 1-4, expressive stick figures with simple dot eyes and line mouths, humorous tone, dialogue-driven narrative with speech bubbles only and no narration boxes, speech bubble text in Traditional Chinese Taiwan usage with technical terms in English, consistent character design across all panels, panel 1: stick figure labeled 題目 handing a paper scroll to another stick figure labeled 你的程式 with speech bubble saying 這是 Input, panel 2: 你的程式 stick figure thinking hard with gears above head and speech bubble saying 讓我 Process 一下, panel 3: 你的程式 stick figure proudly holding up a result paper with speech bubble saying Output 完成, panel 4: a robot judge stick figure with glasses comparing the result to an answer sheet with speech bubble saying 答對了 and a checkmark
- 備註：四個角色要有不同的視覺特徵（標籤、道具），讓學生一眼看出誰是誰
圖 3
- 類型：四格漫畫（Hook）
- 意圖：以電腦第一次「開口說話」的驚喜感，強化 print() 的功能印象
- 完整 Prompt：American stick figure comic strip, clean black ink on white background, minimalist line art, 4-panel horizontal layout, numbered panels 1-4, expressive stick figures with simple dot eyes and line mouths, humorous tone, dialogue-driven narrative with speech bubbles only and no narration boxes, speech bubble text in Traditional Chinese Taiwan usage with technical terms in English, consistent character design across all panels, panel 1: student stick figure typing print Hello on keyboard with nervous expression and speech bubble saying 拜託動一下, panel 2: computer monitor suddenly displaying Hello with a speech bubble saying Hello and the monitor has a smiling face, panel 3: student jumping back in shock with speech bubble saying 你...你會說話, panel 4: student hugging the monitor with tears of joy and speech bubble saying 我的電腦終於理我了 while computer speech bubble says 別這樣很噁心
- 備註：第四格的「擁抱電腦」需要有適度誇張的喜劇效果
圖 4
- 類型：四格漫畫（Analogy）
- 意圖：用 input() 的互動過程，展示「電腦也能聽你說話」的雙向溝通
- 完整 Prompt：American stick figure comic strip, clean black ink on white background, minimalist line art, 4-panel horizontal layout, numbered panels 1-4, expressive stick figures with simple dot eyes and line mouths, humorous tone, dialogue-driven narrative with speech bubbles only and no narration boxes, speech bubble text in Traditional Chinese Taiwan usage with technical terms in English, consistent character design across all panels, panel 1: computer monitor stick figure with a curious face and speech bubble saying input 啟動 你叫什麼名字, panel 2: student stick figure typing on keyboard with confident expression and speech bubble saying 我叫小明, panel 3: computer processing with sparkle effects and speech bubble saying 收到 name 等於 小明, panel 4: computer and student both happy with computer speech bubble saying Hello 小明 and student speech bubble saying 你終於聽懂我說話了
- 備註：強調互動的雙向性，電腦和學生的表情都要有變化
1-2
圖 5
- 類型：四格漫畫（Hook）
- 意圖：以「記電話號碼」的日常痛點引出變數的必要性
- 完整 Prompt：American stick figure comic strip, clean black ink on white background, minimalist line art, 4-panel horizontal layout, numbered panels 1-4, expressive stick figures with simple dot eyes and line mouths, humorous tone, dialogue-driven narrative with speech bubbles only and no narration boxes, speech bubble text in Traditional Chinese Taiwan usage with technical terms in English, consistent character design across all panels, panel 1: teacher stick figure pointing at blackboard with speech bubble saying 來 背下全班40個電話號碼, panel 2: student stick figure trying to memorize with numbers floating around head and speech bubble saying 0912...0935...等等第一個是什麼, panel 3: student head literally exploding with numbers flying everywhere and speech bubble saying 腦容量不足, panel 4: a computer stick figure calmly organizing papers into labeled folders with speech bubble saying 我用 variable 就好了 輕鬆
- 備註：第三格的「爆炸」用漫畫誇飾法，數字從頭部噴出；第四格電腦的從容對比強烈
圖 6
- 類型：四格漫畫（Explanation）
- 意圖：用置物櫃的比喻視覺化「變數 = 記憶體標籤」的概念
- 完整 Prompt：American stick figure comic strip, clean black ink on white background, minimalist line art, 4-panel horizontal layout, numbered panels 1-4, expressive stick figures with simple dot eyes and line mouths, humorous tone, dialogue-driven narrative with speech bubbles only and no narration boxes, speech bubble text in Traditional Chinese Taiwan usage with technical terms in English, consistent character design across all panels, panel 1: stick figure pointing at a row of school lockers with speech bubble saying 每個櫃子都有編號 0x7FFF, panel 2: stick figure sticking a label that says name on one locker with speech bubble saying 但我叫它 name 比較好記, panel 3: stick figure opening the locker revealing 小明 text inside with speech bubble saying 裡面放的就是資料, panel 4: another stick figure asking with speech bubble saying name 在哪 and first stick figure pointing at the labeled locker with speech bubble saying 就在那 不用背編號
- 備註：置物櫃要畫出格子感，標籤要清楚可辨
圖 7
- 類型：四格漫畫（Hook）
- 意圖：以「1+2=12」的經典初學者陷阱製造驚愕效果，強化型別意識
- 完整 Prompt：American stick figure comic strip, clean black ink on white background, minimalist line art, 4-panel horizontal layout, numbered panels 1-4, expressive stick figures with simple dot eyes and line mouths, humorous tone, dialogue-driven narrative with speech bubbles only and no narration boxes, speech bubble text in Traditional Chinese Taiwan usage with technical terms in English, consistent character design across all panels, panel 1: student stick figure confidently writing code on screen with speech bubble saying a 等於 input 然後 b 等於 input 再 print a加b 穩了, panel 2: student typing input values 1 and 2 with speech bubble saying 1 加 2 等於 3 easy, panel 3: screen showing output 12 in large text with student having shocked frozen face and speech bubble saying 什麼...12, panel 4: Python logo stick figure wearing sunglasses with speech bubble saying 字串的加法是串接哦 while student has tears streaming down face
- 備註：第三格的 12 要用大字體凸顯衝擊感，Python 的擬人角色可以用蛇的簡單圖案
圖 8
- 類型：四格漫畫（Explanation）
- 意圖：用分錢的生活場景直覺解釋 // 和 % 的差別
- 完整 Prompt：American stick figure comic strip, clean black ink on white background, minimalist line art, 4-panel horizontal layout, numbered panels 1-4, expressive stick figures with simple dot eyes and line mouths, humorous tone, dialogue-driven narrative with speech bubbles only and no narration boxes, speech bubble text in Traditional Chinese Taiwan usage with technical terms in English, consistent character design across all panels, panel 1: stick figure holding 100 dollar bill with speech bubble saying 100元要分給3個人, panel 2: three stick figures each receiving 33 with a division symbol and speech bubble from first figure saying 100 整除 3 每人33元, panel 3: first stick figure holding a single coin with speech bubble saying 100 取餘 3 剩下1元, panel 4: all four stick figures together with the three each holding 33 and one person holding the leftover 1 coin with speech bubble saying 所以整除給你商 取餘給你剩的
- 備註：金額用簡單的圓形硬幣或鈔票符號表示
圖 9
- 類型：四格漫畫（Hook）
- 意圖：用「起床看天氣做決策」的日常場景，讓學生直覺理解 if-elif-else
- 完整 Prompt：American stick figure comic strip, clean black ink on white background, minimalist line art, 4-panel horizontal layout, numbered panels 1-4, expressive stick figures with simple dot eyes and line mouths, humorous tone, dialogue-driven narrative with speech bubbles only and no narration boxes, speech bubble text in Traditional Chinese Taiwan usage with technical terms in English, consistent character design across all panels, panel 1: student stick figure waking up in bed looking out the window with speech bubble saying 今天天氣如何, panel 2: rain clouds visible through window with student holding umbrella with speech bubble saying if 下雨 then 帶傘, panel 3: bright sun through window with student putting on sunglasses with speech bubble saying elif 大太陽 then 墨鏡, panel 4: typhoon winds blowing through window with student diving back into bed with speech bubble saying else 不管如何 繼續睡
- 備註：每格天氣要有明顯的視覺差異（雨滴、太陽、強風），讓四格的對比效果鮮明
圖 10
- 類型：四格漫畫（Explanation）
- 意圖：用擬人化方式解釋 Boolean 值和 and/or 邏輯
- 完整 Prompt：American stick figure comic strip, clean black ink on white background, minimalist line art, 4-panel horizontal layout, numbered panels 1-4, expressive stick figures with simple dot eyes and line mouths, humorous tone, dialogue-driven narrative with speech bubbles only and no narration boxes, speech bubble text in Traditional Chinese Taiwan usage with technical terms in English, consistent character design across all panels, panel 1: teacher stick figure holding up two cards True and False with speech bubble saying Boolean 的世界只有兩種答案, panel 2: student stick figure comparing two numbers 5 and 3 with speech bubble saying 5 大於 3 是 True, panel 3: two students connecting with AND gate symbol both raising hands and speech bubble saying and 兩個都要 True 才是 True, panel 4: two students with OR gate symbol only one raising hand and speech bubble saying or 只要一個 True 就是 True
- 備註：True/False 卡片用不同的視覺處理（如粗線框 vs 虛線框），and/or 的對比要一目了然
圖 11
- 類型：四格漫畫（Deep-dive）
- 意圖：用岔路口的比喻視覺化 if-elif-else 的「從上到下只走一條路」特性
- 完整 Prompt：American stick figure comic strip, clean black ink on white background, minimalist line art, 4-panel horizontal layout, numbered panels 1-4, expressive stick figures with simple dot eyes and line mouths, humorous tone, dialogue-driven narrative with speech bubbles only and no narration boxes, speech bubble text in Traditional Chinese Taiwan usage with technical terms in English, consistent character design across all panels, panel 1: stick figure standing at a fork in the road with a signpost showing if and else directions with speech bubble saying 要走哪一條路, panel 2: stick figure encountering three paths labeled if elif else with arrows showing 從上往下檢查 and speech bubble saying 第一個 True 的就進去, panel 3: stick figure walking into the elif path while other paths are blocked with X marks and speech bubble saying 找到了 走這條, panel 4: stick figure at the destination with speech bubble saying 重點是只會走一條路 不會都走
- 備註：路的分支要畫得清楚，封鎖的路用 X 表示
圖 12
- 類型：四格漫畫（Tutorial）
- 意圖：引導學生從「規則很複雜」到「畫成流程圖就清楚了」的思維轉變
- 完整 Prompt：American stick figure comic strip, clean black ink on white background, minimalist line art, 4-panel horizontal layout, numbered panels 1-4, expressive stick figures with simple dot eyes and line mouths, humorous tone, dialogue-driven narrative with speech bubbles only and no narration boxes, speech bubble text in Traditional Chinese Taiwan usage with technical terms in English, consistent character design across all panels, panel 1: stick figure looking at a complicated math formula for leap year with confused expression and speech bubble saying 閏年規則好複雜, panel 2: another stick figure drawing a flowchart on a whiteboard with speech bubble saying 畫成 flowchart 就清楚了, panel 3: close-up of the flowchart showing diamond shapes with 400 100 4 checks and arrows with speech bubble saying 先查400 再查100 最後查4, panel 4: first stick figure having an enlightenment moment with speech bubble saying 原來順序是關鍵 and lightbulb above head
- 備註：第二格的白板流程圖不需要太精細，但菱形和箭頭要可辨識
圖 13
- 類型：四格漫畫（Recap）
- 意圖：回顧模組一的三個章節學習旅程，給學生成就感
- 完整 Prompt：American stick figure comic strip, clean black ink on white background, minimalist line art, 4-panel horizontal layout, numbered panels 1-4, expressive stick figures with simple dot eyes and line mouths, humorous tone, dialogue-driven narrative with speech bubbles only and no narration boxes, speech bubble text in Traditional Chinese Taiwan usage with technical terms in English, consistent character design across all panels, panel 1: stick figure at starting line with speech bubble saying 一開始我什麼都不會, panel 2: same stick figure now holding tools labeled print 和 input with speech bubble saying 1-1 學會了 I/O 讓電腦說話跟聽話, panel 3: stick figure juggling items labeled variable int float str with speech bubble saying 1-2 學會了存資料跟算數學, panel 4: stick figure standing at a crossroads with signs showing if elif else and speech bubble saying 1-3 學會了讓程式做選擇 and a graduation cap on head
- 備註：四格要呈現明確的成長弧線，從無到有；最後一格戴學士帽象徵里程碑
圖 14
- 類型：四格漫畫（Hook）
- 意圖：用「100 行 input vs 3 行迴圈」的荒謬對比，引發學生對模組二的好奇
- 完整 Prompt：American stick figure comic strip, clean black ink on white background, minimalist line art, 4-panel horizontal layout, numbered panels 1-4, expressive stick figures with simple dot eyes and line mouths, humorous tone, dialogue-driven narrative with speech bubbles only and no narration boxes, speech bubble text in Traditional Chinese Taiwan usage with technical terms in English, consistent character design across all panels, panel 1: exhausted stick figure at a desk surrounded by paper with speech bubble saying 我要讀100個成績 寫了100行 input, panel 2: the stick figure's code shown as a very long scroll touching the floor with speech bubble saying 第87行...快寫完了..., panel 3: another stick figure walking in casually with speech bubble saying 我用 for loop 三行搞定, panel 4: first stick figure staring in disbelief while second stick figure sips coffee relaxedly with speech bubble saying 模組二見 while first stick figure has speech bubble saying 什麼
- 備註：第二格的「長捲軸」要有誇張的長度效果，第四格的對比要鮮明（一個累癱 vs 一個悠哉）